Education Scenario

SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN - A PROGRAMME FOR UNIVERSAL ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

EDUCATION SCENARIO

Literacy is the most basic indicator of educational development. The state literacy rate is 68.87 (male 77.87 and female 59.70), which is higher than the national level. Administration of School Education is done by the Directorate of Education (Schools) Govt. of Manipur from primary to Higher Secondary stage (from class – I to XII). In the Hill Districts, Autonomous Hill District Council also run primary education (from class – I-V). There are schools under CBSE and Tribal Welfare Department also.

Number of Schools under different categories/ Management

Sl No.	Category	Class Structure.	Government.			Aided	Un- Aided	Total.
Sl No.	Category	Class Structure.	Edn. Dpt.	Dist. Council.	Others	Aided	Un- Aided	Total.
1.	Lower Primary	I-II	769	0	0	224	12	1005
2.	Primary	I/III-V	597	663	0	152	65	1477
3.	Primary with Upper Pry	I/III-VIII	273	0	0	80	333	686
4.	Upper Primary only	VI-VIII	236	0	0	77	128	441
5.	Pry.,Upper Pry. With Sec	I/III-X	128	0	7	48	292	475
6.	Upper Pry. With Sec	VI-X	152	0	5	38	21	216
7.	Secondary only	IX-X	0	0	0	31	18	49
8.	Secondary with Hr. Sec	IX-XII	16	0	0	0	12	28
9.	Higher Secondary only	XI-XII	4	0	0	0	2	6
	Total		2175	663	12	650	883	4383

Enrollment in schools :

In order to measure the enrolment of children in schools the indicator used is Enrolment Ratio which is the percentage of relevant age group children who are studying in schools There are two indicators,(i) Gross Enrolment Ratio (G.E.R.) and (ii) Net Enrolment Ratio (N.E.R.). For achieving the goal of UEE the Net Enrollment Ratio (N.E.R.) is supposed to be 100 per cent.

The position of enrolment at primary and upper primary is as follows:

G.E.R./ N.E.R. in Primary

	2005-06			2005-06			2005-06
District	Population 6-11		Gross enrolment(I-V)		Netenrolment(I-V/6-11)		G.E.R.		N.E.R.
	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
Bishnupur	15979	15212	15103	15553	12748	12932	95%	102%	80%	85%
Imphal East	28336	27286	27569	28559	21947	20524	97%	105%	77%	75%
Imphal West	29004	27396	26132	26251	18665	18954	90%	96%	64%	69%
Thoubal	30423	29404	28240	28755	20926	21204	93%	98%	69%	72%
Valley Total	103742	99298	97044	99118	74286	73614	94%	100%	72%	74%
Chandel	8224	7911	6209	5706	5894	5389	75%	72%	72%	68%
C.C. Pur	15690	15189	15429	14306	11452	10628	98%	94%	73%	70%
Senapati	35653	33876	26000	24454	20467	19208	73%	72%	57%	57%
Tamenglong	13417	12201	13793	12625	10935	9826	103%	103%	82%	81%
Ukhrul.	10809	10226	10535	10464	7552	7544	97%	102%	70%	74%
Hill Total	83793	79403	71966	67555	56300	52595	86%	85%	81%	71%
Total	187535	178701	169010	166673	130586	126209	90%	93%	70%	71%
Source : DISE 2005 G.E.R./ N.E.R. in Upper Primary
	Population11-14		G.E.(Vi-VIII)		N.E. VI-VIII		G.E.R.		N.E.R.
District	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
Bishnupur	9625	9237	5671	5360	5064	4724	59%	58%	53%	51%
Imphal East	18438	18050	10819	10886	9711	9776	59%	60%	53%	54%
Imphal West	17130	17447	11870	12006	9708	9624	69%	69%	57%	55%
Thoubal	18464	17679	9595	9180	8490	8032	52%	52%	46%	45%
Total Valley	63657	62413	37955	37432	32973	32156	60%	60%	52%	52%
Chandel	6009	5540	621	536	593	511	10%	10%	10%	9%
C.C. Pur	12141	11727	4688	4147	4051	3651	39%	35%	33%	31%
Senapati	16959	15912	5179	4477	4336	3745	31%	28%	26%	24%
Tamenglong	5373	4876	2105	2173	1730	1773	39%	45%	32%	36%
Ukhrul.	7763	7157	1481	1598	1293	1196	19%	22%	17%	17%
Total Hill	48245	45212	14074	12931	12003	10876	29%	29%	25%	24%
Total	111902	107625	52029	50363	44976	43032	46%	47%	40%	40%

Source: DISE 2005

The G.E.R. and N.E.R at primary level (I-V) in the age group 6-11 are Boys 90% - Girls 93% and Boys 70% - Girls 71% respectively in table 4. Children are going to school at the earlier age i.e. at the age of 5 and below and completed primary stage at the age of 10 in the valley districts. However, in the hill districts it is 6 years of age. At the upper primary level, i.e. grades VI-VIII in age group 11-14 years the GER/NER are Boys 46% - Girls 47% and Boys 40% - Girls 40% respectively (table 5.) It shows that about 40-41 per cent in the valley and 70-75 per cent in the hill areas are out of school children.

These figures reveal a very disappointing position of enrollment at the upper primary level. It seems that (i) transition between primary and upper primary level of education is very low and (ii) dropout and repetition is high at primary level. There is no gender disparity. It is alarming situation in the hill districts.

Pre-Primary Education:

There is no provision of pre-primary education in the Education department. It is run by Social welfare Department under I.C.D.S. But children of below age are in the primary schools. There are two sections/ stage in the class – I i.e. class I-A and class I-B of 2 years duration. So, the primary Education is completed in 6 years.

Teachers:

The problem of untrained teachers at the Primary and upper Primary schools is very acute. 58% in the primary and 61% in the upper primary teachers are untrained. This has arisen because of lack of adequate pre-service training facilities in one hand and on the other hand, appointment of untrained personels. SSA explored options of IGNOU – run “distance education” programmes for covering this backlog of untrained teachers.450 untrained teachers ( 50 of each district) are ready for training under distance education programme, from June 2006 as 1^st batch. 20 days in-service training are given under SSA teacher training programmed.

School Infrastructure:

The condition of school building, classrooms, playground and other facilities are the center of attraction to the children as well as the locality. At present, most of the schools in the state have inferior infrastructure.

Education in Private sector:

School education is also provided by some private schools in the state. They are privately owned and require payment of tuition fees by the pupils. Such schools are of various types, based on the stages of education provided by such schools; such as (i) nursery/ kinder garden school(pre-primary education), (ii)Primary with pre-primary schools, (iii) exclusively primary schools, (iv) Primary, upper primary, secondary including hr. secondary schools etc. The schools imparting education upto upper primary/ elementary level are recognized by Diretorate of Education(S) and upper primary and upto secondary level schools are affiliated to either Board of Secondary Education Manipur (BSEM), or Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE).The Hr. secondary level are affiliated to Council of Hr. Secondary Education(CHSE)/ (CBSE).Most of the private schools in the state are of English medium.

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